The Effects Of Drug Abuse Among Adolescents - 1423 Words

Drug abuse among adolescents is a growing problem in the United States with a staggering amount of teens falling victim to the vicious cycle of drug abuse. Teens are subjected to pressure from their peers and have the misconception that using drugs are cool and free of consequences. Therefore, teens begin to experiment with drugs and alcohol at an early age and often times don’t think about the negative stigma associated with drug abuse. Unfortunately, even casual use of drugs and alcohol can cause severe and long term health problems, such as an overdose or brain damage. Also, both legal and illegal drugs can have an effect on the teen’s mood, ultimately leading to depression, which places the teen at risk for suicide. Marijuana also†¦show more content†¦(National Institute on Drug Abuse Press Release, 12/18/13) What is Drug Abuse? Drug abuse is the habitual taking of addictive legal or illegal drugs. Compulsive, excessive use of habit forming drugs or substances may lead to addiction, which may cause damage to kidneys, liver, heart and other internal organs or dysfunctional behavior or death. Teenage drug abuse is an ongoing issue that can result from a number of influences, such as catastrophic events and mental health disorders. When a person subjects their body to drugs the impact can be devastating and lifelong, their physical health begins to deteriorate and their bodies become prone to viruses and infections. Addiction According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, drug addiction is a chronic disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences. The initial decision to take drugs is voluntary for most people, but repeated drug use can lead to brain changes that challenge an addicted person’s self-control and interfere with their ability to resist intense urges to take drugs. These brain changes can be persistent, which is why drug addiction is considered a â€Å"relapsing† disease-people in recovery from drug use disorders are at increased risk for returning to drug use even after years of not taking theShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Effects Of Adolescent Substance Abuse1469 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent substance abuse is one of the largest issues faced by our society today. According to Teenrehab.com, nearly 50% of all high school seniors have abused some form of illicit substance and according to Nationa l Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism nearly 70% of 18 year olds have at the least tried alcohol. Many more adolescents are trying, and getting addicted to, drugs every year. In my opinion this is one of the most critical issues that we have to address as a society. Summary Response:Read MoreSubstance Abuse Is Not A New Problem894 Words   |  4 PagesSubstance Abuse Drug abuse is not a new problem, it has been happening for the longest time, abusing drugs has always been an interesting topic to me because I have never been able to grasp the concept of why addicts start or continue when it is clearly obvious that it has negative effects on the human body. It is a popular conception of common sense, but is false. Drug abusers sometimes are not educated enough to know the damages or the addict truly believes they are not addicted. This topic sparksRead MoreThe s Fastest Growing Drug Problem1750 Words   |  7 Pagesopioids are described as the â€Å"ation’s fastest-growing drug problem† (p. 276) and are also known as narcotics. Opioids originated from the opium poppy and have been chemically altered throughout the years in order to create more potent drugs such as hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet), morphine (e.g., Kadian, Avinza), and codeine. Known for analgesic properties, opioids are seen to be th e most commonly used drugs among clinicians. Historically, although these narcoticsRead MoreThe Effects Of Using Drugs At A Young Age982 Words   |  4 Pagessome drugs that officials ascertained over the past year is astounding. Middle school children are getting more access to drugs including, over the counter medicine, alcohol and everyday household products today versus the last decade. It is important because as one gets older, it could be a gateway to much harder drugs like stimulants, narcotics, benzodiazepines, hallucinogens and ecstasy as well as no one, knows the long term effect of using drugs at a young age. Starting The Usage of Drugs AccordingRead MoreOpioids And Its Effects On Society1722 Words   |  7 Pagesopioids are described as the â€Å"nation’s fastest-growing drug problem† (p. 276) and are also known as narcotics. Opioids originated from the opium poppy and have been chemically altered throughout the years in order to create more potent drugs such as hydrocodone (e.g., Vicodin), oxycodone (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet), morphine (e.g., Kadian, Avinza), and codeine. Known for analgesic properties, opioids are seen to be the most commonly used drugs among clinicians. Although these narcotics are legally prescribedRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse Among Adolescents1296 Words   |  6 Pages Substance abuse has become a notable public health threat to today’s adolescents. Substance abuse is associated with an array of behavioral and psychological consequences that can jeopardize the future of the young people. Lifelong dependence is another possible consequence of drug abuse among adolescents. Ultimately, counselors are supposed to come up with effective programs to address addiction issues among the adolescents to prevent them from relying on drugs in future. Counselors rely onRead MoreHealth And Human Prevention Strategy I Chose Is The National Drug Control Strategy932 Words   |  4 PagesPrevention strategy I chose is the National Drug Control Strategy. Drug abuse affects the whole nation economically, socially physically and mentally. Some of the problems caused by drug abuse includes highway accidents, crimes, school drop outs, sexually transmitted diseases, suicide, and teenage pregnancies (Healthy People 2020 n.d). This is a relevant topic to the advance d nurse practitioner because of the effects drugs have on human life. Drug abuse is associated with cardiac failure, mentalRead MoreThe Effects Of Substance Abuse On Adolescents1651 Words   |  7 PagesThere are also developments in the adolescents’ sense of self, including independence and making their own choices. Because of the multitude of decisions to be made during this time, there can be a lot of room for error or misjudgements. One very common bad decision is substance use and abuse. Although drug and alcohol use is common and many users don’t develop a dependence on the substances, the adolescents who end up developing the disorders of substance abuse and dependence make substance use aRead MoreThe Effects Of Addiction On Adolescent Development1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Addiction on Adolescent Development Adolescence is a time where adolescents grow and mature at a rapid rate. It is also a time where adolescents are more vulnerable to taking risks, such as using and becoming addicted to illegal substances, due to raging hormones. Whether or not an adolescent chooses to engage in drug use and abuse depends on their home environment and those they choose to associate themselves with. Adolescents are confronted with an enormous amount of pressure toRead MorePrevention of Adolescent Drug Addictions1408 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Prevention of Adolescent Drug Addictions Abstract Drug addictions among today’s adolescent is climbing to an all-time high rate. Parents need to become more proactive in the prevention of their children becoming addicted to drugs. However, parents alone cannot handle this overwhelming task, the local schools and the community will need to take action also. Together this is a possible task, team work and consistency will prevail and save adolescents from being drug addicts.

Factors Influencing Comprehension Free Essays

Factors influencing Comprehension The article under the sub- heading Understanding Comprehension stated that â€Å"comprehension is complex†. It is my belief that teachers whether in the primary or secondary system should see it as such and not just a situation where a passage is just read and the questions answered at the end of it. It has been brought to my attention that comprehension is affected by a variety of factors some of which may be considered internal as well as external. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Influencing Comprehension or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the internal factors may include stressful situations and the external factors would include the reading text assigned and the pages with dense text with few paragraph breaks or illustrations. It is then my belief that if the pre-service and inservice teachers saw this as a critical issue then for those of us who have not been taking it as seriously then we need to. The students who we teach may have been affected by these factors but because of teachers ignorance comprehension lessons where not adequately prepared. Secondly, the fact that background knowledge was so important on the side of the pupil just did not occur to me. I thought that what I gave initially at the beginning of the lesson if they had no experience it would be enough. Students being taught the comprehension lesson should have some experiential background to the text being used or the teacher could run into problems. â€Å"Schema theory tells us that readers must have adequate back-ground knowledge to understand what they read; it also tells us that readers must activate their prior knowledge† (Langer, 1984). Preparations for students doing comprehension lessons must therefore be more in-depth not only on the teachers part but in light of the students as well as one needs to investigate if the students has any prior knowledge. Thirdly and quite interestingly the Transactional theory brought home the fact that different students read for different reasons, the efferent stance or the aesthetic stance. The fact is a student’s stance can influence his or her comprehension. In teaching we need to know just how important the material is to our students or rather how important we make it for them. The fact that they may be quizzed at the end of a reading may generate more interest. The students who read just for sheer experience may just not comprehend as well as the one who does it for a purpose that could be considered more important. Fourthly, comprehension as a process is very stimulating to a student or students for that matter. The fact that this process begins before actual reading and end long after the reading is finished emphasises the activities that are used to grab and keep the students involved in the whole teaching and learning experience. Dividing instruction into prereading, during reading and post reading helps teachers design activities for each stage that will improve students’ comprehension (Carlton, 1982) and provides opportunities for teachers to demonstrate strategies that readers can use at this stage†. The actual process of comprehension and the strategies used has truly been an experience and will be a welcomed difference in my approach to the teaching of comprehension. How to cite Factors Influencing Comprehension, Papers

Southwest Airlines CSR

Question: How the Company is Led and Organized for the People Who Work there in Order to Achieve this, or if the Firm has Always Embraced this kind of Approach, where did it Originate from? Answer: In this era of globalization, sustainable development, ethical business practices and Corporate Social Responsibility is the need of the hour. Perhaps the best example of a contemporary organization that has used these principles effectively is Southwest Airlines. McGee-Cooper, Trammell, Looper (2008) describes how Colleen Barrett, a leader at Southwest works passionately with her followers by holding herself accountable to their needs and creating a supportive environment for them. [1]She leads selflessly by encouraging a strong spirit of service, caring for her employees, and creating an engaged and inspired workforce thereby ensuring that all the employees participate towards sustainable business practices. She believes in the golden rule to treat others as you want to be treated which has resulted in success for Southwest. They put their employees first, so that they can then be focused on customer satisfaction. Southwest recognizes that employees are at the heart of their busin ess, and by putting their needs first, they are creating an environment that will encourage a strong spirit and desire for followers to bring their best into the workplace every day (Moss, 2006). The mission and the vision of the organization can be highlighted as: To become the world's most loved, most flown, and most profitableairline. The mission ofSouthwest Airlinesis dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit. The vision states that the airlines wants to be most loved organization across the globe and this could not be possible without the focus on sustainable development. The Southwest Airlines uses the servant leadership model to practice sustainable development. By embracing servant leadership, companies are able to instill teams that are committed to productivity and product development (Hamideh Mahmood, 2012). [2]When followers feel that leadership cares about their needs, they are more willing to work hard and seek out innovative solutions to tackle challenges in their industries. Growth in modern business involves a balance between employee satisfaction and motivation, customer satisfaction, and financial performance as well (Melchar Bosco, 2010). [3]Without a detailed focus on all of these elements, companies will often fall short when seeking to differentiate and dominate their respective industries. The CEO Gary Kelly sees his employees as the single greatest strength and most enduring long-term competitive advantage." The employees of Southwest are always giving back to the community and have initiated the Heart of the community program in 2014 to promote social, economic, and wellness initiatives throughout communities (Southwest Airlines, 2016). It is interesting to study the way Southwest Airlines treats its employees. The leaders and management of Southwest Airlines consider its employees as the partners of sustainable development. Southwest Airlines treats there employees. By focusing on their needs, they create an environment in which the employees want to focus more on creating better relationships with customers, because there needs are being met first. They create a genuine and positive experience in which they care more about the customers because they have more respect for the company that they work for. When considering a change in leadership with a struggling organ ization that is suffering with negative brand repercussions, servant leadership is a natural fit to turn the page and create a better environment for followers and customers as well. As far as the framework is considered, Southwest Airlines used triple bottom line framework of sustainable development. With this framework, Southwest Airlines wants to focus collectively on profit, people and planet. The company realizes that focus on profit will be good for the company in sort term only. The long term development of the organization will depend on the focus given on other two parameters of this model, planet and people. The way this model is being used by Southwest Airlines can be shown as: The management of Southwest Airlines has complete trust on its employees. The leaders at the organization believes that sustainable development can not be achieved without the support of employees. South West Airlines (SWA) organization, reviewed Employee ideas for recognition and celebration. The flexible work rules enabled Employees to perform many different jobs as members of teams. For example, Pilots could handle baggage if the situation demanded it (Moss, 2016). [4]SWA also supported Ronald McDonald House Charities for sick children and their families a servant leadership characteristic to build communities. Circuit City example of bad leadership that laid off thousands of high-performing, seasoned workers in favor of inexperienced, "cheaper" employees.. Circuit City's lack of happy, motivated employees who could provide exemplary customer service left the company with no edge over its many rivals. It is expected that Southwest Airlines would continue on the path of sustainable development and corporate social responsibility. When contemporary organizations take an interest and investment in their employees, then that attitude is infused within the employees and spreads within the work environment. A feeling of a 'family' atmosphere grows among the associates and they learn to work, play and pray as a family would and stand beside each other to always make sure each person is taken care of including the success of the organization. The company also believes that the path of sustainable development cannot be achieved without being ethical in nature. In the last 20 years, Southwest Airlines has transformed itself and it has emerged as one of the most ethical company across the world. It is expected that the transformation towards the sustainable development would continue and Southwest Airlines would emerge as a more strong organization in future. References Hamideh, S., Mahmood Zare, N. Promoting Leadership Effectiveness in Organizations: A Case Study on the Involved Factors of Servant Leadership. (International Journal Of Business Administration, 3(1), 54-65, 2012) McGee-Cooper, A., Trammell, D., Looper, G. The Power of LUV: An Inside Peek at the Innovative Culture Committee of Southwest Airlines. (Reflections, 9(1), 49-54, 2008) Melchar, D. E., Bosco, S. M. Achieving High Organization Performance through Servant Leadership. Journal Of Business Inquiry: (Research, Education Application, 9(1), 74-88, 2010) Moss, D. (Brewing a Better Business. HR Magazine, 61(2), 46-48, 2016) Southwest Airlines. (About Southwest, retrieved from https://www.southwest.com/html/about-southwest/index.html?int= , 2016)

The Power Of One By Ernest Hemmingway free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Throughout the universe, there are many diverse civilizations, each of these distinguishable civilizations have different backgrounds, rites and patterns. These civilizations have a profound consequence on the heads of their dwellers. It # 8217 ; s a individual # 8217 ; s civilization which effects their ideas, beliefs and their mentality upon life. It doesn # 8217 ; t affair where you are from or where you go to, you ever have a piece of your civilization with you wherever you are. It is your cultural heritage # 8217 ; s and background which molds your head, and your ideas of how you perceive the universe around you. In every civilization different facets of the society are viewed otherwise. Some civilizations portion similarities with other civilizations about how they view things. In many civilizations athleticss plays a cardinal function in the society, and many times the whole community is based around the athleticss. No affair where you are from, athleticss will ever play a function in the society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Power Of One By Ernest Hemmingway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many times in literature you can state where the scene is or where the writer is from by the manner the community or society in the literature position athleticss. If you look at the literature that writers produce and where they are from, you will detect a common tendency in all of their work. The cultural heritage of the author affects the position in which they write from or about. The cultural heritage affects the authors perspective in many different ways, among them are stereotypes and the scene of the narrative and the mundane activities that the character go through. Two premier illustrations of how an writers cultural heritage affects the position that they write from is the South African writer Bryce Courtenay and the American writer Ernest Hemingway.Bryce Courtenay was born and raised in South Africa and received his early instruction at that place. He spend the bulk of his adolescent life in South Africa and in his concluding twelvemonth in Africa he spent it in the Cu m ines of Central Africa, before he moved to England to finish his education.1 Courtenay spent his early life in Africa, and the African civilization had a profound affect him. His clip in the Cu mines besides had a acute consequence on him and it is seeable in his authorship, when he wrote about the mines in Africa. In the book The Power of One, Courtenay writes form the position of a immature British male child in South Africa which shows how cultural heritages affects the authors perspective.It is evident that the biass had a amazing affect on Courtenay, particularly with the hate between the Boers, Blacks and the British. Because of the hatred traveling on in South Africa at the clip of his turning up and even today, you can feel a tone of racism in his authorship. # 8220 ; Please, Meneer, he hates great millets ( inkinesss ) merely like you. # 8221 ; 2 Frequently in the book the black are referred to great millets and other derogatory footings. Through the old ages, because of wars and other dissensions the Afrikaners have come to detest the British, and frailty versa and the Blacks in southern Africa have ever been hated of all time since the white Europeans arrived.This hatred started between the British and the Afrikaners when the British first came to Africa during the slave trade. The Boers from Europe, had migrated to Africa for freedom, freedom of faith and of the biass that they faced in Europe. There was peace between the British and the Boers until the Boer democracies were found to be rich in diamonds and gold. Fortune huntsmans, largely British, poured in to interest claims,3 which belonged to the Boers. That is when the tenseness increased. Soon after was the Boer War, and since so there has been a great sum of tenseness and hatred between the British and the Boers. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; he stopped midway down the back street and shouted in Afrikaans, # 8216 ; I # 8217 ; ll acquire you back for this, you rooinek ( cracker, a derogative term f or the English ) bastard. # 8217 ; # 8221 ; 4 Time and clip once more in the book you can experience the tenseness and hatred between each of the groups in South Africa. Another country of his civilization that is present in the book The Power Of One is that of athleticss. There all athleticss all over this book and in his Hagiographas. In the African civilization athleticss are really large. The athleticss which are the biggest in Africa are rugby and pugilism. Both rugger and pugilism are cardinal parts of the African civilization in the book. Boxing is the cardinal focal point of this book as it is immense throughout all of southern Africa and particularly in South Africa where the narrative takes topographic point. It is Courtenay # 8217 ; s turning up in Africa where pugilism is a immense athletics that affected his writing.In many civilizations athleticss is a cardinal portion of their mundane life. This is besides true in South Africa. It # 8217 ; s the athleticss that gi ves them a beginning of amusement. In South Africa at the clip of this narrative, which is during and after World War II, athleticss were one of the biggest signifiers of amusement, the whole society was shaped around the yearss featuring events. For many of the poorer people, like the inkinesss who were enduring from apartheid, athleticss were one of the lone beginnings of amusement. As it is mentioned in the narrative, some inkinesss traveled many of stat mis merely to see Peekay, the chief character of the narrative, fight.You besides see the cultural differences in the book. There seems to be different athleticss for different civilizations. One of the athleticss that is perceived more civilised in the book is rugby. It is played by both the British and the Boers, but non the inkinesss. It is apparent at the clip that the British thought that they were better than the Boers and the inkinesss. The Boers thought that they were better than the inkinesss, and equal to the British. And the inkinesss seemed to cognize their topographic point as the low adult male on the totem pole. So when it came to certain athleticss, non all of those groups were allowed to take part or would participate.When it came to packaging in South Africa, it was reserved to the Boers and the Blacks. And was said that it wasn’t proper for the British to package, but many still did. And when it came to packaging the British and the Boers didn’t even what to contend the inkinesss. Courtenay’s experience in South Africa and their civilization is shown in great item in the story.It is apparent, through this narrative and that of Courtenay’s experience turning up in South Africa and being exposed to their cultural, and everything that comes along it, has affected his authorship. So in fact his cultural herita ge affected his composing position. His cultural heritage being that of South Africa’s. Ernest Hemingway was born in the United States in Illinois, his life-time spanned 63 old ages, and among those old ages he experienced a twosome of wars and a great depression. Hemingway started composing at an early age, after he finished high school Hemingway got a occupation as a newsman on the Kansas City Star. During World War I Hemingway tried to enlist in the armed forces but was rejected because of an old oculus hurt. So he so volunteered as an ambulance driver on the Italian forepart, and in 1918 he was severely wounded. After the war he settled in Paris, France, where he began to compose fiction. Later in life Hemingway was a war letter writer in Spain, China, and Europe during World War II.5 It was during those old ages in the United States and the other states where Hemingway developed his authorship manner. In his travel to those foreign states Hemingway picked up pieces of th eir civilization and their heritage with him. He took their civilization and heritage added to what he had from place. Even thought he traveled a great extent of his life, he still kept his civilization from place with him. It was these cultural experiences that he wrote the most about. Almost all of his different cultural heritage’s affected his composing position. They appeared in virtually everything that he wrote. Bing in these civilizations many times Hemingway had a first manus experience in their patterns. In Hemingway’s instance the facet of a civilization that stuck with him the most was athleticss. Hemingway wrote the most about many athleticss including, hunting, fishing, bullfighting and packaging. All of these athleticss were brought to him by the civilizations that he was sing, and by witnessing these events his composing position was molded.The short narrative by Hemingway entitled â€Å"Fifty Grand† , is about packaging and the patterns that go o n in the American civilization. In the narrative the over-aged welterweight packaging title-holder is set to contend a turn in which he knows he is traveling to lose to the immature challenger.6 So the champ stakes 50 thousand dollars against himself, and in the concluding unit of ammunition of the lucifer, he has the chance to win, but opts to lose and take the 50 expansive. As the Brennan the former title-holder said at the terminal of the narrative, â€Å"It’s amusing how fast you can believe when it means that much money.†7 As in the South African civilization pugilism was really large in the United States, and it is still large today. That narrative reflected the American civilization that was brought up Hemingway. The factor of the American civilization that affected his authorship is the thought of making everything you can for a vaulting horse, no affair what it takes. As it is shown here, the cultural heritage’s in the United States affected Hemingway v astly. No affair where a author is from or where they go to, it seems that they pick up a piece of a civilization. This piece of civilization that they pick up besides seems to work its manner into their authorship, sometimes it merely spots and pieces of the civilization, other times it is on a much larger magnitude. But this piece of cultural heritage ends up impacting the position of the author. Many times it merely a little thing that the author picks up, and sometimes it is more, but no affair how great or how infinitesimal it is, it affects the writer and their authorship. Baker, Carlos. Hemingway The Writer as an Artist. New Jersey: Princeton Publishing, 1952. Compton # 8217 ; s Synergistic Encyclopedia. New York: Compton # 8217 ; s NewMedia, Inc. , 1995. Courtenay, Bryce. The Power of One. New York: Random House, 1989. Hemingway, Ernest. The Snows of Kilimanjaro and other narratives. New York: Scribner, 1961. Magill, Frank N. Cyclopedia of World Authors. New York: Harper A ; Row, Publishing, Incorporated, 1958. Rouit, Earl. Ernest Hemingway 41. New York: Couple Publishers, Inc. , 1963. Young, Philip. Ernest Hemingway a Reconsideration. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State Publishing, 1960. 1 Bryce Courtenay, The Power of One ( New York: Random House, 1989 ) 519. 2 Bryce Courtenay 107. 3 Compton # 8217 ; s Synergistic Encyclopedia. ( New York: Compton # 8217 ; s NewMedia, Inc. , 1995 ) . 4 Courtenay 222. 5 Compton # 8217 ; s Synergistic Encyclopedia. 6 Earl Rouit, Ernest Hemingway 41 ( New York: Couple Publishers, Inc. , 1963 ) 61. 7 Ernest Hemingway, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and other narratives ( New York: Scribner, 1961 ) 87.

How to Write a Sports Term Paper The Guide from Qualified Academic Writers

How to Write a Sports Term Paper The Guide from Qualified Academic Writers What Is a Sports Term Paper? Students learning sports-related subjects often find it interesting to research a topic for the advancement of their knowledge on the question. The sports term paper aims to enable the student to reveal the depth and clarity of understanding of the studied course. Therefore, such work is often assigned at the end of the semester for the student to apply theories, concepts, and terms within the research of a suitable field. The directions for sports term paper subjects are tenfold, ranging from the medical input in the industry to psychology in team roles or nutrition. It is significant to write a term paper that pertains directly to the needed topic. While it may be interesting to write about the favorite sport or its history, a sports term paper demands the support of personal opinion with research. Below there are selected advice on writing a sports term paper that will assist in managing the writing process, choosing a suitable topic and understanding the expectations of the prescribed work. How to Choose a Sports Term Paper Topic? The choice of a topic for a sports term paper depends on a wide range of factors. For instance, when learning specifically about a sport, such as a football or a basketball, it would be suitable to write a structured report with updates on recent achievements, analysis of the sphere, the interaction between teams. However, when studying subjects related to medical science, dietary, general physical training or sports physiology, it is necessary to focus on finding topics that relate directly to the chosen field. These are the most common sports term paper topics: The Impact of Steroids on the Immune System of Sports Players; The Evaluation of Methods in Assisting with Arm Trauma; Rehabilitation of Football Players After Brain Injuries; Injury Prevention Strategies for Powerlifters and Bodybuilders; Effects of a Balanced Diet on the Performance of Gymnasts in the Olympics. Thus, the topics may pertain to an array of studies. It would not be a mistake to coordinate the topic choice with the professor. Pre-Writing Tips Once the topic for the sports term paper is selected, there starts preparation for the research and writing. The critical advice relates to the need for understanding the limitations, controversies or inconsistencies in reporting of data of the chosen subject. It will assist in providing a novelty to the research, what in turn would support its validity. However, to write compelling arguments and lucid interpretations of ideas, it is necessary to conduct preliminary research. Further, before the beginning of the writing process, it is advisable to manage the personal timetable in a way that would allow working consistently on the term paper throughout an extended period. As term paper requires up to a dozen pages, devoting time to research and writing will simplify the coordination of the process, and enable to evaluate own arguments. Leaving the term paper till the deadline would lead to the constrained research along with lack of clarity, logical sequence, and organization. How to Conduct Research for a Sports Term Paper? Research is the most critical part of working on the sports term paper. The goal of such work is to learn valuable and relevant information about the chosen topic. It involves reading academic literature, such as books, journal articles, scientific magazines, reports, or other. The following sources relate directly to varying sport-related fields of study that could be used in the research: Vos, B. C., Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Sluiter, J. K. (2017). Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury in Professional American Football Players. (https://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Fulltext/2018/03000/Consequences_of_Traumatic_Brain_Injury_in.1.aspx) Mitchell, L., Hackett, D., Gifford, J., Estermann, F., O’Connor, H. (2017). Do Bodybuilders Use Evidence-Based Nutrition Strategies to Manipulate Physique? (mdpi.com/2075-4663/5/4/76/html) Mackenzie, C. (2018). Ironic effects in softball pitching: How knowing information about an opponents strengths affects athletic performance under pressure(https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:akron1523274403849214) Oliveira, W., Couto, A., Santos, M., Santos, V., Silva, F. (n.d.). Influence of biological maturation on the body mass index of young soccer players. (https://search.proquest.com/openview/6e5edd10927137eb095750a2288d5df9/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=616555) Mills, J. P., Boardley, I. D. (2016, December 19). Advancing Leadership in Sport: Time to Actually Take the Blinkers Off? (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40279-016-0661-3) These sources are either accessible to read for free or require membership of the database. However, the majority of universities holds library partnerships with such databases. Therefore, to get the scholarly sources for the term paper, a student can contact the college library. Further, a researcher should take notes when reading. It will help to identify the critical points of each reference to utilize in writing. While it may be convenient to conduct online research, a writer should not hesitate to take printed journals from the university’s library or purchase books in the stores to get the most up-to-date information. Structure of a Sports Term Paper Depending on the guidelines of the task distributed in class there will be several suitable structures of the sports term paper. However, there are common sections that are present among the guidelines in the field related to sports. For instance, the article could start with an abstract that will define the critical areas of the term paper. In other formats, a summary would be excessive. Therefore, the introduction paragraph will be enough to provide an overview of the selected topic. Further, a sports term paper will hold several body paragraphs. A writer should be eager to give sub-headings to different sections of the work. Finally, there will be a conclusion providing an overview of the results of the research, followed by the reference page. If a researcher chooses to sustain elaborated arguments with empirical research, he or she should consider adding methodology, discussions and results sections with an appendix following the referencing. Title Each sports term paper should be headed with a title. Depending on the complexity of the selected topic, the title will vary. However, it is necessary to avoid turning a title into a thesis statement or abstract. It should reflect the studied theme and core subject of the term paper. The following sentences provide several examples of suitable titles: Development Strategies of Nutrition Plans for Football Players Evaluation of Impact of Organic Steroids on Gymnasts Performance Coordination of Team Spirit in Transformation of Sports Teams Morale Differences in Male and Female Injuries During the First Year of Varsity Basketball Assessment of Illnesses and Injuries of Canadian Male Hockey Players from 1990 till 2015 The title will be different depending on the selected topic. It should describe the subject directly and openly. A successful title will consist of several words providing relative information while avoiding going into too much detail. Outline After the research on the topic is finished, it is possible to start drafting the outline. The role of this element is to establish a clear understanding of the way the term paper will be structured. It will be helpful to set the critical ideas into varying sections to establish their logical sequence. In contrast with an argumentative paper or an essay, a term paper does not require the description of contrary ideas to the stated claims. Thus, an appropriate practice is to concentrate on issuing one argument and drafting an outline with notions that reinforce it. The framework will hold the main discussions and, at least, three supporting claims for each. Finally, it will provide the core structure to be further filled with topic sentences, summaries, conclusion, and other sections. Thesis Statement The final sentence concluding the introduction is known as a thesis statement. It provides a concise overview of all arguments discussed in the term paper. Avoiding oversimplification or excessively composite sentence structure is essential. Primarily, a researcher should identify at least three claims to issue in the term paper, combining them with the background for them and solution. The following sentences refer to properly-written thesis statements: Evaluation of impression management techniques will provide measures for leadership advancement, interaction and tactics of the Lakers team for active play in the 2019-2020 NBA tournament. Amateur athletes are at the highest risk of injuries in CrossFit due to the unsupervised consumption of waste-shrinking, image-enhancing, and weight-loss steroids. The balance of nutrients in football player’s diet can be attained through the careful count of calories, individually selected food and considerate consumption. It is vital to focus on the main arguments of the term paper to succeed in thesis statement writing. The following examples refer to sentences that represent a poorly written thesis: Healthy food is important for sports players. Identification of prevention strategies will help the team. Football is one of the most traumatic sports. Therefore, a writer must devote extra time to writing the thesis statement and correlate each part of the sentence with the structure of the term paper. Body Paragraphs The body paragraphs should provide the core information about each argument. It is significant to maintain the structure of a body paragraph to at least five sentences with referencing in the middle sentences to elaborate on the chosen research source. For instance, injuries in sports can occur in any setting including playgrounds, backyards or hobbies related to physical activity. To establish the claim in a body paraph, a writer will need to reinforce the stance using statistics or metrics that support such a notion. As a result, it will be evident that each claim is not subjective, but supported by data from research. Separate body paragraphs should reinforce its’ strengths, proving the objectivity and validity of data. Methodology The methodology section of a sports term paper will be relevant to students who decide to add empirical evidence to their writing. For example, it could be used while researching the demographic changes in the injury prevention of the college’s basketball team. In research, a writer can decide to set a survey for the current players to assess their consideration and strategies to promote the safety of the play. In the methodology section, it would be useful to describe the reasons for choosing to survey the team players. Furthermore, there is a need to explain the process of drafting questions, evaluations answers and incorporating them into the term paper’s subject. Each correlation, comparison or assessment should be supported with charts, graphics or tables. The methodology section is where a student will explain the process of handling such a notion. Results and Discussion The final section of the sports term paper with empirical research refers to the results and discussion. The first part of the results section applies to the identification of the primary outcomes of the study. For example, a researcher writes about the matters that you learned during the investigation, provide an evaluate the strengths of solutions to the concern, or other. In the discussion section, he or she should focus on the overview of the context of the subject. Then, predict the value of the topic for the future years, assess the solutions and clarify the research need for continuing studying the selected issue. These sections provide an overview of the results of the term paper. They aim to reveal the authors’ evaluation skills and knowledge of theories to apply to the researched field. The term paper is not a Ph.D. work. Therefore, there is no need to feel challenged by such sections. Post-Writing Tips from Our Top Writing Experts After finishing the last writing sections of the sports term paper, it is necessary to read the complete draft several times. Such process relates to proofreading and editing. The former refers to the identification of grammar or style mistakes. These are minor notions that can be easily missed while writing. Proofreading provides an opportunity to double check the spelling, punctuation, and usage of articles. The critical idea to consider when editing and proofreading is the logical sequence of arguments. Each paragraph should provide the considerate and precise description of the evidence without motivating readers to submit additional questions to clarify the final stance on the subject. The next stage is checking the formatting requirements to comply with the guidelines outlined in the assignment guidelines. The title should be capitalized and personal information listed on the cover page. Further, the reference page has to be edited correctly with the required italics, capitalizations, and punctuation. References The final page of the sports term paper is the list of references, works cited or bibliography section. The goal of this part of the term paper is to provide the sources used throughout the term paper to support given claims, ideas or quotes. A reference implies a line with information about the author of the reading, its title, publication, and other relevant information. There are several referencing formats generally used in class. For instance, these include MLA, APA, Chicago Turabian, Harvard, ASA or other. However, the most commonly assigned referencing style for sports term papers is APA. The reference below is a proper citation of a book to use in a sports term paper. Yesalis, C. (2000). Anabolic Steroids in Sport and Exercise (2nd ed.). New York: Human Kinetics. A rule is to cite each source used in the term paper in the alphabetical order. In the APA writing style, there is no need to provide footnotes. However, there is a requirement to paste in-text citation. They would appear in the end of the sentence, where the writer uses the source in the following way: (Yesalis, 2000). Overall, a sports term paper requires concentration, time, research and a clear understanding of the selected topic. Before starting to write, it is necessary to organize an outline that will save time on connecting the parts of the paper. Moreover, the visual separation of the writing parts will simplify the research. It is vital to find relevant scholarly sources to support the writer’s ideas. The listed advice on referencing sources is an essential notion for a proper grade. Students should not hesitate to write several drafts and share them with their professor to get feedback before turning it to the final version. Furthermore, the ordered work should be original. Therefore, avoidance of plagiarism is a critical notion of keeping in mind while writing. Sports term paper is a useful task to prepare for a further sports research paper. While instructors do not expect to receive full-scale research, incorporation of the basic research principles will boost the final grade and enhance the additional work on the research paper.

Booker T. Washington Up From Salvery

Booker T. Washington is from slavery booker T. Washington, a famous autobiography. You think you are having a childhood you will never forget. Good booker T. Washington. Between 1858 and 1864, Mr. Washington used the majority of his childhood as a slave; he, his mother, his brother John, and his sister Amanda. Because Mr. Washington and his family are slaves, they do not have one of the best houses in the plantation. In fact, on the jagged side, there is no bed, fireplace, even the floor, and the house is a little more, and the cabin is more than just a cabin, but the plantation kitchen. Booker T. Washington Booker T. Washington was born on April 5, 1865. He was born slavery at the James Barlow family farm in Virginia. No one knows Father of Booker T. Washington except that he is Caucasian. After the civil war, Brown Washington worked in a salt furnace and went to school in three months a year. At the age of 17, he was admitted to the Hamptons Institute in Virginia. - Booker T. Washi ngton Booker T. Washington is a wonderful leader. He helps the black community get stronger. His goal is hard to come by thinking about his life. America in the Washington period is under reconstruction. According to the law, blacks are the same as anyone else. Slavery has been abolished and many southern people have this problem. Booker T. Washington is from slavery booker T. Washington, a famous autobiography. You think you are having a childhood you will never forget. Good booker T. Washington. Between 1858 and 1864, Mr. Washington used the majority of his childhood as a slave; he, his mother, his brother John, and his sister Amanda. Because Mr. Washington and his family are slaves, they do not have one of the best houses in the plantation. - Booker T. Washington has a big impact on the black community. The effort to make this person such a great leader is incredible. Booker T. Washington is from zero. He is a black slave and has little life choice. He was born in Virginia in 185 6. He has a white father and a black mother. After the liberation declaration, he went to work at the coal mine, but he was still a child. This rising from slavery is a 9 year old slave named Booker T. Washington living in a plantation in Virginia. Booker T. Washington will describe his childhood as a slave and the hard work he made to receive education. Booker T. Washington shared the details of the change he experienced from the student to the teacher. He also outlined the experience as an educator and how he supported the opening and opening of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Booker T. explains when Tuskegee started working in a small hut until now in a new building. In the last chapter, I will explain Booker T's speakers and civil rights activists. Booker T. mentioned the Atlanta cotton domestic and international exposition in 1895. He finished talking and his work received some recognition, including an honors degree from Harvard University.

Keeping Up With Asia Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Keeping Up With Asia - Coursework Example This essay is peer reviewed because it meets some requirements for an essay to be peer reviewed. First the article of the essay has a website to mean that it is sponsored by a scholarly association. The essay has also an introduction to what it is all about and a literature review. The essay has an abstract at the beginning of the essay and the author (Millis, P76). These are the features that make the essay peer reviewed. The essay claims that among the two political parties in the United States of America, most Asians favor the Republican Party over the Democrats. It is believed that the Republican Party is tough and strict on security and very serious on its anti-communist credentials. The party is a party of free trade while the Democratic Party is taken to be a party of protectionists. The author believe so because when the democrat party was leading they were never concerned with the economic issues of Asia but on the coming of Bush and Barrack Obama with the Republic party changed and supported the economic status of the continent (Funabashi, P115). In the essay, the author uses the toulmin method since he argues over certain things in the essay. The author argues an issue that was asking the United States of America to withdraw their troops in Iraq. The author argues that it was of benefit to the Asian countries and Iraq in specific hence improving their relationship in the fight against

Hardware Systems & Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hardware Systems & Design - Assignment Example Direct Input and Output mechanism is still a requirement during the process of interfacing the measurement devices to the computer, which consist of an indicator light, buttons the binary sensing unit and the switches. A typical SRF05 ultrasonic ranger is shown below. The program is implemented as a C language program and its execution takes place in Altera Nios 2 IDE. This requires the terminal closed for a start of a new one to change the register (Null and Lobur 2006, p53). The Altera development environment is then started as shown in figure 2 below. The next step is to import the code into the workspace, by browsing to find the directory. The Projects window is now able to show the selected program code as well as all the header files as shown in figure 3 below. By clicking on the arrow next to the name of the code inside the project explorer and double clicking the program name of the C program source code. The C file opens inside the code editor as shown below. The requisite step is to ensure that the DE0 board and the USB port are connected on the computer and the power is turned on through the big red button. After powering, the NIOS board show NIOS on the 7 segment display. The lit LED will be on and off at intervals. In the eighth line 8: the LED value is set to 0x4, which essentially lights one LED. Lines 16 and 19: tests for the LED value, but does not alter it. In this case, the LED value needs to be reset to 0x2AA, whose binary equivalent is (0000-0010-1010-1010). The next step is to click on the â€Å"Run† command to compile and download the program to the DE0 board. The change in delay is created by modifying the while loop and altering the value 200000 to 2000. The speed at which the light flashes on the LED increased upon saving and running the program with the updates. The results of the program are displayed in the 7

Jrotc Mission Essay Example for Free

Jrotc Mission Essay Thats why is to motivate young people to be better citizens. And it also teaches you mapping Skills at first I was thinking why Im learning these but you well some point In your life. Also It Gives you more respectable as you rank up In doing that you In toured well be looking for you to set up In take charge. As you get promoted its not because of your teacher its because you Work hard and you showed that you earned it. In you showed great leadership skills. Another Reason Is Jot wants you to seek self-improvement out yourself its not just another class you Just take but you are becoming a part of a family. By being a part of these program it also Teaches you to be responsibility and to take responsibity for your actions. Then every cadet has To take a physical fitness test it Is required. You may say to yourself that I can do It or Im not Going to do well. But thats why Jrotc mission Is to motivate young people to be better citizens. The Key word is motivate by having your ins tours there in your friends In other cadets there You wont even think about cant do It that would be the last think on your mind. It as well Teaches your deplane skills you may think I dont like people yelling at me but there not yelling. They Just helping you by bring out the best In you. In By doing all these things you be able to Teach the next class of cadets behind you. Thats how Jrotc builds character

The Broken Heart of Sylvia Plath Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

The Broken Heart of Sylvia Plath "Dying is an art, like everything else. I do it exceptionally well." Sylvia Plath has long been recognized as a poetic icon. After committing suicide in her thirties, many of her previously unrecognized works gained notoriety and praise. Throughout her life, she struggled to be accepted into the literary world. After writing many poems, short stories and "The Bell Jar," she remained unsatisfied with the success and momentum she gained with each, and took her own life. It is through her words we see a woman that used her writing as a means of expression, many times expressing grief, sadness and anger. Plath began writing a series of poems shortly before her death that provide is with an opportunity to see the internal conflicts she felt. Many of these poems focus on death and suffering. Plath uses death imagery in poems found in Ariel to represent her need to escape reality and therefore dissociate herself from emotional and physical existence. I will show how Plath's life experiences and more importantly, her reactions to them, have contri buted to her depressive, death-obsessed state. I will also provide examples from several of her poems demonstrating Plath's use of death imagery and analyze why it is used in the way that it is. Lastly, I will show how many of her poems from Ariel demonstrate Plath's self-loathing, and her need to feel a sense of success-even if that success comes from an accomplished suicide. Although Sylvia Plath had many opportunities throughout her life, and accomplished what many only dream of, we see how the few tragedies she did endure, affected her. At age eight her father died from complications related to diabetes. Plath had been very c... ...g and gruesome at times, but each tells a story-a story of a woman, her life, her struggles, her successes and her failures. All of them allow us to step into the broken mind and heart of Sylvia Plath. Works Cited Broe, Mary Lynn. Protean Poetics: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1980. Bundtzen, Lynda. Plath's Incarnations: Women and the Creative Process. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1983. Holbrook, David. Sylvia Plath: Poetry and Existence. London: Athlone P, 1976. Phillips, Robert. "The Dark Funnel: A Reading of Sylvia Plath." in Butscher, Edward, ed. Plath, Sylvia. The Collected Poems. Ed. Ted Hughes. New York: Harper and Row, 1981. Rose, Jacqueline. The Haunting of Sylvia Plath. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1992. Rosenblatt, Jon. Sylvia Plath: The Poetry of Initiation. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1979.

Exercise Addiction Essay

Exercise is important for the overall health and wellbeing of all people. People engage in physical activity for a variety of reasons. For some, being healthy is their only reason for exercising; for others, it may be to build more muscle, or gain endurance. â€Å"Exercise involves planned, structured, repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain physical fitness. † Exercise should always be beneficial; however excessive exercise can lead to harmful outcomes, and in come cases exercise can become an addiction. Exercise addiction has many of the same characteristics seen drug addiction such as: tolerance withdrawal, lack of control, intention effects, time, reduction in other activities, and continuance. Researchers have developed conceptually sound diagnostic criteria for exercise dependence, but have yet to determine a suitably convincing mechanism for its onset. In order to determine what type of interventions would be effective for treating or overcoming exercise addiction, researchers must first have an understanding of what causes the addiction. Understanding what psychological and physiological mechanisms are present in exercise addiction can help researchers to develop an intervention that will address all factors that nurture the addiction. The purpose of this study is to examine existing literature on the underlying mechanisms that could be responsible for the onset of exercise addiction in individuals in order to determine what types of intervention are needed to effectively treat exercise addiction. The study will include interviews to assess exercise addiction. Theoretical background In 1977, psychiatrist George L.  Engel released an article, The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine, in which he proposed the Biopsychosocial Model, or BPSM. 1 â€Å"The Biopsychosocial Model is a method of understanding health and illness through biological, psychological, and social factors. † 2 Prior to Engel’s model, the Medical Model was the primary approach to medicine. The Medical Model focused on finding a single specific cause of illness to cure the disease, not the person as a whole. In The Need for a New Medical Model, Engel outlined weaknesses of the Medical Model. Engel addressed the Medical Model as a reductionist approach to medicine. 3 The Medical Model suggested that all diseases could be reduced to a single underlying â€Å"measurable biological variable† and treated without consideration of the other factors that may be related to the onset of the disease or illness. 1 (p 319) According to Engel: †¦a medical model must also take into account the patient, the social context in which he lives, and the complementary system devised by society to deal with the disruptive effects of illness, that is, the physician role and the health care system. This requires the Biopsychosocial model. (p324) According to the Medical Model, health can be equated to an absence of disease. Engel argued that the biological factors found in the medical model are not sufficient to provide a full understanding of disease. The Medical Model neglected to take into consideration individuals who feel well and are diagnosed with a disease, as well as individuals who are free of disease but feel sick. Engel proposed, â€Å"a biopsychosocial model which includes the patient as well as the illness would encompass both circumstances. † 1(p324) The BPSM explains disease through biological, psychological, and social factors. The BPSM can be understood by examining the components of the model. 4 The biological component â€Å"plays a key role is the BPSM. † 2 This component of the BPSM explains disease in relation to physiological causes such as pathogens or disorder in the functioning of the individual’s body. 5 A plausible biological mechanism of exercise addiction is the beta-endorphin hypothesis. â€Å"Aerobic exercise is known to stimulate the release of beta endorphin and other endogenous opioid peptides that appear to exert analgesic effects and may also produce addictive behaviors. Endorphins can block stress and create feeling of euphoria in an individual. Individuals who exercise excessively will be more receptive to endorphins and could potentially develop a tolerance for the hormone. Once the individual has developed a tolerance for the beta-endorphins, he or she will need to exercise longer and harder to achieve the same effects as before tolerance. This leads to the individual engaging in addictive behaviors that can also be explained as psychological process. 7 The psychological component of the BPSM explains disease as a manifestation of the individual’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. â€Å"Psychological dependence causes an individual to feel they need a substance to feel good. † 2 Negative thinking, low self-esteem, personality disorder such as perfectionism, etc. , could cause the addictive behavior. For example, an individual who does not cope well with stress may form a behavioral habit of exercise in order to feel good; they are addicted to exercise because of its mood-boosting biological effects. â€Å"In a philosophical sense, the biopsychosocial model states that the workings of the body can affect the mind, and the workings of the mind can affect the body.   However, biological and psychological factors alone are still not sufficient to completely explain exercise addiction in individuals. 2 The sociological component of the BPSM explains how social factors such as culture or socioeconomic status can be an underlying cause of illness. The behavior of an individual can be closely related to the culture and peer groups to which they belong. An individual may become addicted to exercise because of pressures of social norms. For example, an individual may have developed an addiction to exercise as a result of peer pressures to be thin. Significance of Proposed Research  The biopsychosocial model can be used to conceptualize exercise addiction. It is important to study the BPSM because further research is needed to determine the etiology and effective treatment for exercise addiction. To successfully treat or overcome an addiction, the individual must address each component that contributes to the overall behavior. The significance of this study will be to improve understanding of exercise addiction using the biopsychosocial model, determine the types of intervention needed to treat exercise addiction, and develop, as well as, test a multicomponent clinical strategy for treating the addiction. Proposed Methods The study will involve the evaluation of the biopsychosocial model in relation to exercise addiction. The targeted population for this study includes the following: individuals who are physically active and individuals who are classified as addicted to exercise. In order to ensure an efficient sample will be chosen, the target population will consist of 100 individuals. The sampling technique that will be used is a survey type of research, the Exercise Addiction Inventory. The EAI will include questions such as â€Å"When I exercise do I feel guilty† and â€Å"Is exercise the most important thing of my life? † (8) From this research, a sample from the target population will be selected. The sample will include 10 males and 10 females who are classified as addictive exercisers, as well as 10 males and 10 females who are non-addictive exercisers. Individuals who are classified as addicted to exercise will be submitted and additional questionnaire that will identify whether the individual has evidence of physiological dependence or no physiological dependence. Conclusion Exercise addiction is a disorder that has many underlying and contributing factors. Previous research did not provide sound information on the mechanisms of exercise dependence. The biopsychosocial model approach to addiction can be used to formulate an intervention for individuals who are diagnosed with exercise addiction. In order to treat an exercise addiction all components of the individual and the disease should be addressed.

Customer Service Supervisor Training Program Essay

KSA requirements  Ã‚   Program Objectives   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the program’s conclusion participants should: Knowledge   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * be familiar with relevant university, state and federal policies, systems, procedures and regulations to ensure customer satisfaction Skill   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * have all personal computer skills required to effectively work in the assigned work unit * be able to diffuse a variety of hostile and unpleasant customer situations * be competent in managing staff and the customer service work unit Ability * identify and adapt to different customer communication styles and cultural backgrounds and to recognize and resolve their needs      * adopt excellent time management procedures while adhering to relevant rules, processes and directives * assume effective problem solving procedures Program Agenda    Module and rationale Goals Training Methods 1. Policies and Procedures In order for a CSS to effectively operate within the work unit he/she must first be familiar and be able to work within   required polices and procedures. – understand and work within the constraints of relevant university, state and federal policies, systems, procedures and regulations 1 day workshop    PPT., individual, pair and group activities. (Participants will be provided with a folio all documentation for future reference.) 2. Personal Computer Skills In order for a CSS to effectively operate within the work unit he/she must be informed and able to use university information systems and databases, together with a number of software applications. – obtain a competent working knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets, university information systems and databases, software applications 1 day workshop    PPT, hands-on computer tuorial 4 ongoing weekly online tutorials 3. Understanding Customers and their needs Customers possess different styles of behaviour and learning how to adjust to those differing styles improves customer service and communication. – understand the process of communication and the cultural differences that prevail, develop skills in overcoming barriers to communication, understand the importance of body language in communication,  ½ day workshop PPT, individual, pair and group activities     ½ day in the work unit role plays 4. Action Leadership    To be an effective leader,   a CSS needs to develop their own leadership skills and personal authority, as well as investigate tactics for building a strong and supportive team, handle difficult problems competently, and take accountability for end results. – understand how to be an effective leader, understand how people are motivated, be better able to use the talents of individual members within the work unit, be able to develop realistic action plans 1 day workshop    PPT, individual, pair group activities Take home ‘action plan’ assignment’    5. Time Management    One of the biggest challenges a CSS has to face is managing their time.   They are often inundated with questions, queries and wants form all sides – staff, customers and management.   The ability to identify and focus their attention on the most important tasks is often the difference between a successful or unsuccessful CSS. – understand the importance of time in the role of CSS, identify priorities, allocate time between various activities, develop time schedules, deal with the unexpected .    1 day workshop    PPT, individual, pair and group activities 6. Managing Conflict and problem solving    Not all customers are easy to manage and an effective CSS must develop effective conflict management and resolution skills to ensure customer satisfaction. These skills will also carry across to conflict issues within the work unit. understand the approach to problem solving, encourage prompt problem-solving through prompt personal action, evaluate the choices and choose the optimum solutions, understand the principles of negotiation  ½ day workshop    PPT, individual, pair and group activities     ½ day in the work unit role plays       Evaluation    Participants will be given a series of scenarios, and at specific points they will be asked to indicate how they would respond. The scenarios will be realistic, using pictures, sound files, background information and video clips. In this was, a variety of behavioral measures will be gathered in a short period of time, and the process will not be dependent on the subjective judgments of examiners.

Asian Elephant Essay Example

Asian Elephant Essay Example Asian Elephant Essay Asian Elephant Essay Asian Elephant: An Endangered Species Abstract The Asian Elephant also known by its scientific name the Elephas Maximus is an endangered species. They occur in grassland, tropical evergreen forest, semi-evergreen forest, moist deciduous forest, dry deciduous forested and dry thorn forest, in addition to cultivated and secondary forests and scrublands. The Asian elephant is one of the last few mega-herbivores still in existence on earth (Owen-Smith, 1988). These elephants are highly intelligent and live long lives but due to loss of habitat and hunting their numbers have decreased. To help conserve the Asian Elephant it is protected under appendix I of CITES. The Asian Elephant has been worshipped for centuries and is still used today for ceremonial and religious purposes. Although honored for its role in Asian culture and religion it is also a key biological species in the tropical forests of Asia (WWF, n.d). This animal is threatened with extinction in the wild. While the human population is increasing the Asian Elephantâ„ ¢s habitat is shrinking fast. The Asian elephant is the largest terrestrial mammal in Asia. It is smaller than the African elephant, with relatively smaller ears. Asian elephants have a single finger on the upper lip of their trunk. Only some male Asian elephants carry tusks and females have small tushes, which rarely show. A significant number of adult males are tusk less, and the percentage of males carrying ivory varies by region, from only about 5% in Sri Lanka to 90% in south India (About Elephants, n.d.). Asian elephants keep their ears in constant motion in order to radiate the heat they generate and therefore cool themselves. The species are reported to have well developed hearing, vision, and olfaction, and are also fine swimmers. Their body length varies from 550-640cm, their shoulder height is from 250-300cm, and they weigh?  5,000kg. Their skin color is dark grey to brown, with patches of pink on the forehead, the ears, and the base of the trunk and on the chest. The Asian Elephant provides a vital role in the ecosystem that it inhabits. The Asian Elephant modifies their habitat by converting savannah and woodlands to grasslands. They also provide water for other species by digging water holes in dry riverbeds (ARKive, n.d.). Another factor that leads to their vital role in their ecosystem is that they act as seed dispersers by their fecal matter. It is often carried below ground by dung beetles and termites causing the soil to become more aerated and further distributing the nutrients (About Elephants, n.d.). Also an Asian Elephants journey through the high grass provides food for birds by disturbing small reptiles, amphibians or insects. About twenty percent of the worldâ„ ¢s human population lives in or near the present range of the Asian Elephant (WWF, n.d.). Asian Elephants are threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation to illegal hunting and trade. With the human population growing rapidly, the Asian Elephants habitat is shrinking fast and wild elephant populations are mostly small, isolated, and unable to come together as ancient migratory routes are cut off by human settlements (WWF, n.d.). Large development projects, plantations, and spreading human settlements have fragmented what was once nearby elephant habitats into small fragments. Only male Asian Elephants carry tusks and therefore poaching is aimed exclusively at males. Poaching of Asian Elephants for ivory and meat remains a serious problem in many countries, especially in southern India and in north-east India where some people eat elephant meat (ARKive, n,d,). The capture of wild elephants for domestic use has also become a threat to wild popul ations where numbers have been seriously reduced. India, Vietnam, and Myanmar have banned capture in order to conserve their wild herds, but in Myanmar elephants are still caught each year for the timber industry or the illegal wildlife trade. Efforts are being made not only to improve safety but also to encourage captive breeding rather than taking from the wild (About Elephants, n.d.). Incidents of elephants raiding crops and villages are also on the rise. This causes losses to human property and sometimes human lives. Retaliation by villagers often results in killings of these elephants. Experts already consider such confrontations to be the leading cause of elephant deaths in Asia. In some countries, the government provides compensation for crop damage or deaths caused by elephants, but there is still often strong political pressure on wildlife authorities to eliminate elephants near populated regions (WWF, n.d.). To help stop the extinction of the Asian Elephant there are many efforts being made. For example The Wildlife Conservation Society and the World Wildlife Federation have teamed up to formulate a strategy to conserve the Asian elephantâ„ ¢s preferred environment across the continent of Asia. Also local communities in Thailand have helped stop the deforestation of trees by putting their spiritual and superstitious to good use and by planting new hard woods ( Animal Adoptions, n.d.). It has also been made illegal to hunt the elephants but some people still do it. References (n.d.). Animal Adoptions. In What is Being Done to Save the Asian Elephant. Retrieved March 12, 2011, from animaladoptions.org.uk/what-is-being-done-to-save-the-asian-elephant. (n.d.). ARKive. In Asian Elephant. Retrieved March 12, 2011, from arkive.org/asian-elephant/elephas-maximus/#text=All. (n.d.). Elephant Information Repository. In About Elephants. Retrieved March 12, 2011, from http://elephant.elehost.com/About_Elephants/about_elephants.htm. WWF. (n.d.). WWF Global. In Asian Elephants. Retrieved March 12, 2011, from http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/endangered_species/elephants/asian_elephants/.

Economics of Transition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics of Transition - Essay Example This competition not only transformed the contours of politics in the twentieth century but also led to the creation of two parallel and competing economic systems. Transition can be defined as the race of transformation of centrally planned economies into free markets. Such a transformation can be seeing as occurring after the political events that decimated the Soviet Iron Curtain. Transition is characterized by liberalization, macro-economic stabilization, restructuring and privatization and legal and institutional reforms. Countries have employed disparate transition models owing to the distinct initial circumstances that prevailed at the time when transition process materialized. Moreover, transition circumstances can also be seen as the product of the country’s peculiar socio-economic realities. While some countries like China embraced a slow and steady economic transformation approach, others like Russia adopted an aggressive and speedy model. It was envisaged that a sw ift approach could be undertaken for the privatization of small corporate entities as well as liberalization of prices and macro-economic stabilization, without encountering much economic problems (International Monetary Fund, 2000, p.3). The significance of transition for these economies can be attributed to the fact that any immature measures for transition tend to lead to economic collapse. This was all the more clear for example in the Russian banking sector failure in the late nineties. This paper will analyse how rent-seeking activities of financial institutions can have a bearing on hardening budget constraints in the transitional process. 2. Soft and Hard Budget constraints It was Kornai who invented the term ‘soft budget constraint’ to elucidate economic behaviour of the communist economies. This concept is deemed as the focal point of the subject of transition from socialist to capitalist economies. The term itself is derived from microeconomic terminology to shed light on a pragmatic economic social syndrome. The necessity of implementing hard budget constraints is accentuated repeatedly in relation to transition of socialist economies. The disintegration of the banking sector of East Asian economies during the nineties era can be comprehended by studying soft budget constraints (Kornai et al., 2003, p.54). The soft budget hypothesis denotes a condition under which firms incurring losses are bailed out by banks. Banks can undertake this role in both, capitalist and socialist economies. However, its repercussions in socialism make it a potential problem since banks are compelled by the state to rescue loss-making entities, for safeguarding employment or pursing other aims. The entanglement of state and banking into one entity means that any failure on the part of the banks will reflect clearly in the finances of the state. Typical failure in these circumstances leads to massive cuts in social sector development. Under a soft budget const raint, capital is injected in the loss making firm by the banks to keep them afloat and in a position to pay taxes, therefore acting as a disincentive for privatization. Research on the issue practically proves by applying a model based on the local authorities, a bank and firm (Brandt et al., 2003, p.13). The bank managers’ propensity to lend loans to private firms rather than SOEs will escalate as

Brand Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Brand Management - Assignment Example Through, successfully implementation of this methodology, firms can win loyal customer at a reasonable rate. Brand management practice is applicable across various industries, because of its perceptive dimension (Lienert). However, the positive product or brand image could be built in a fraction of seconds, when salesperson highlights the importance and applicability of a certain product in customer’s life; but the hard part is to backup this perceived value with actual product performance. All of the major automobile companies are attempting to lower their operational costs, because of Japanese competition (Mannering and Winston). But, they are taking this challenge in a wrong direction, because Japanese are not just selling vehicles, they are giving away comfort, low maintenance and high quality. Thus, they are providing more real value to the customer that enables them to charge some extra cash. The competitors should concentrate on enhancing the value provided to the custo mer, in order to counteract Japanese competition. ... In this way, the company will be able to provide incentive to facilitate sales. Another unique aspect of brand endorsement is its center of attention, which is more abstractive in nature. It emphasizes on improving the quality of life of an individual through a product, thus brand management is all about increasing consumers’ comfort through adding new and meaningful products in their life. Brand managers believe that customers do not purchase clothes; they pay for good looks, which these clothes will provide them. The above mentioned argument fits well, within the industry of cars that this paper will analyze in the coming section. Such consumers are interested in fuel consumption, convenience and elegance, thus require a travelling solution not just a car. Fait, which possesses the managerial rights of Chrysler, is planning to lower their value chain costs through streamlining their dealership network, by combining small to medium size dealers with larger ones. This strategy will help them in lowering the number of dealers; therefore their transportation costs will drop significantly. The use of centralized dealers points towards the intention of top management on gaining a price advantage. In the history, Fait attempted to introduce its products as luxurious ones. But, this decision caused its offerings to compete in a different market, in which Honda and other similar companies had established brands. Therefore, Fait failed to make a name in this segment; mainly, because of its products’ low quality. The customers consider Chrystal’s products as economical and designed for middle class; due to this market perception best cost marketing strategy will be ideal for promoting these products.

Organizational Changes and the Future in Policing Essay

Organizational Changes and the Future in Policing - Essay Example This paper will draw round Riordan's PR campaign together with its defined target audience, an impression of public relations issues, and insinuation of ethical issues. In adding up, Riordan has put into practice a marketing research plan and sought to bring into line its marketing and public relation approach According to the expert analysis Operations management for new firm is the methodical way and control of the processes that change inputs into ended goods and services. The operations function comprises an important proportion of the employees and bodily assets in the majority organizations. In such organizations operations managers are anxious with each step in as long as a service or product (Kogut, B. 2004, 151-167). They choose what should go into an in service system such as gear, labor, tools, facilities, materials, power, and information and how these inputs can finest be attain and used to please the requirements of the market place. Managers are also liable for serious activities such as excellence management and control, ability planning, materials management, procure, and preparation. The significance of operations management for a company like Nokia in market has augmented radically in latest years. Important foreign competition, shorter product and repair life-cycles, improved skilled and quality-conscious consumers, and the abilities of new technology have placed growing pressures on the operations function to get better efficiency as given that a broader array of high-quality products and services. By the globalization of markets, firms are familiar with that the operations function can be used as a spirited weapon to make stronger their location in the market place. Managers in operations management play a planned, as well as a strategic role in pleasing customer wants and making their firms sturdy international competitors (Kotabe, M., 2003, 10-31) According to the latest analysis if a new company want to enter in market then at least as volatile as the Middle-East situation, but not as famed in the headlines, is the appearance of worldwide operations as a main force that is reshaping the earth of commerce. By the prospect of latest business opportunities that escort it, we need to believe how these worldwide opportunities will be communal by U.S. businesses (Kotabe, M. 2003, 107-119). Personally, I describe public relations as the image that an organization works to portray to the public. Moreover, I have been in healthcare for 25 years as well as all the hospitals that I have worked for try to depict a positive image of healing and caring to the group of people. Portraying this image assist hospitals to gain new commerce and continue to grow. Nowadays, healthcare is commerce and mainly hospitals are vying to be number one in the area. every one in hospitals offer adequate care to an extent that is satisfactory to the public, but certain hospital systems stand out in areas of healthcare. When hospitals do extremely well in an area, such as cardiac care, the hospital

Economical Markets Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economical Markets Paper - Essay Example Monopoly is an economic structure where there one participant which controls the marketplace. . In such a market the firm realizing business controls the price, but it is not immune to the law of demand and supply. The price is set at the quantity and price point which maximizes profit for a company.. The market demand is downward sloping, but the difference is that in order to maximize profits price is not part of the equation and the formula is determined by the following equation, MR=MC. An example of an intangible asset which allows the formation of a monopoly in Parkersburg is Water – City of Parkersburg Utility. The company is the only firm that produces water within the region, thus they are monopoly. Utility monopolies are at times received governmental incentives so that the basic utility services such as water and electricity become cheaper for the people living below the poverty. Another economic market structure is monopolistic competition. Monopolistic competition is a market structure in which there are lots of competitors and the players utilized differentiation in order to bring uniqueness to their produce offer discrepancies among similar products. In order to effectively compete in such a market it is important to differentiate the product. This can be accomplished though expert advertising, innovation or better production methods. The market demand curve in monopolistic competition slopes downward, thus the equation to maximize profits is MR=MC. Graphically to determine the price for this output the economist extends the quantity line to the demand curve. In Virginia a company that operates in monopolistic market structure is Dairy Queen Brazier. Dairy Queen is a company in the fast food industry which delivers a product that is unique for the industry. The offers classic burgers and hotdogs, but the company also offers gourmet dairy product such as fresh bread,

Political And Constitutional Struggle Of Quaid History Essay

Political And Constitutional Struggle Of Quaid History Essay The dynamic leadership and remarkable services of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah in the Pakistan Movement of freedom and independence is slave to no introduction. In this movement, the personality of Quaid-e-Azam; his tireless efforts and immense struggle made the crude and difficult path for the freedom of Pakistan very easy. The Muslims of India finally succeeded in achieving their destination for which they underwent a long, painful yet motivated journey led by the Quaid. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL STRUGGLE OF QUAID: Jinnahs arrival and stay in London was the sowing time. The first decade in Bombay, after his return from Britain, was the germinating period; the later decade (1906-1916) marked the vintage stage. It could also be called a period of idealism, as Jinnah was a romanticist both in personal and political life. As Jinnah came out of his shell, the political limelight shone on him. He was budding as a lawyer and flowering as a political activist. A political child during the first decade of the century, Jinnah had become a political giant before Gandhi even returned to the Indian sub-continent from South Africa. THE DIFFERENCES OF JINNAH WITH THE CONGRESS: Mohammad Ali Jinnah differed with Gandhi on the means of achieving self-rule. The League session reassembled at Lahore under Jinnahs presidency and was attended by a number of Congressmen and leaders of the Khilafat Movement. The Quaid, despite his differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Khilafists, still enjoyed the trust and admiration of the Muslims of Bombay which can be seen from the fact that he won the Bombay Muslim seat for the Legislative Assembly that he had resigned in protest against the Rowlett Act. DELHI PROPOSALS 1927: Due to the deep distrust between the two communities as evidenced by the country-wide communal riots and because the Hindus failed to meet the genuine demands of the Muslims, his efforts came to naught. One such effort was the formulation of the Delhi Muslim Proposals in March, 1927. In order to bridge Hindu-Muslim differences on the constitutional plan, these proposals even waived the Muslims right to separate electorate, the most basic Muslim demand since 1906, which though recognized by the congress in the Luck now Pact, had again become a source of friction between the two communities. QUAIDS FOURTEEN POINTS 1929: In 1928, Pundit Moti Lal Nehru presented a report which turned down all the Muslims demand. On the reply of Nehru report, Mohammad Ali Jinnah presented his famous fourteen points on March 28, 1929 to the Muslim League Council at their Session in Delhi. Since all the Muslims opposed the Nehru Report, these points were to counter the proposals made in the Nehru Report. This was the certainly the right answer to the Nehru report. The points were to recommend the reforms that would defend the rights of the Muslims of the sub-continent. The points are following: 1- The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary powers to be vested in the provinces. 2- A uniform measure of autonomy shall be granted to all provinces. 3- All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality. 4- In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one third. 5- Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by separate electorates: provided that it shall be open to any community, at any time, to abandon its separate electorate in favor of joint electorate. 6- Any territorial redistribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way that would affect the Muslim majority in the Punjab, Bengal and the NWFP. 7- Full religious liberty i.e. liberty of belief, worship, and observance, propaganda, association, and education, shall be guaranteed to all communities. 8- No bill or resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any legislature or any other elected body if three fourths of the members of any community in that particular body oppose such a bill, resolution or part thereof on the ground that it would be injurious to that community or in the alternative, such other method is devised as may be found feasible practicable to deal with such cases. 9- Sindh should be separated from the Bombay Presidency. 10- Reforms should be introduced in the NWFP and Baluchistan on the same footing as in other provinces. 11- Provision should be made in the Constitution giving Muslims an adequate share along with the other Indians in all the services of the State and in local self-governing bodies, having due regard to the requirements of efficiency. 12- The Constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim culture and for the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion and personal laws and Muslim charitable institutions and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the State and by local self-governing bodies. 13- No cabinet, either Central or Provincial, should be formed without there being a proportion of at least one-third Muslim ministers. 14- No change shall be made in the Constitution by the Central Legislature except with the concurrence of the States constituting the Indian Federation. SECOND ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE 1931: The Hindu Muslim dispute must be settled before the enforcement of system or constitution. Until you do not give guarantee for the safeguard for the Muslims interests, until you enforce shall not last for even 24 hours. REORGANIZATION: Jinnahs disillusionment at the course of politics in the subcontinent prompted him to migrate and settle down in London in the early thirties. While in England, the Quaid had been watching the events that were happening in India and was saddened to see how Muslim interests were being sacrificed by the chaotic situation within the Muslim League. The Muslim League was in the hands of rich, landlords or some middle class intellectuals with limited horizons, while the All India Congress was emerging as the leading party for Indian Independence. He was, however, to return to India in December 1933, at the pleadings of his co-religionists, and assume their leadership. Jinnah realized that organizing the Muslims of India into one powerful and dynamic organization was badly needed. He performed two important tasks after his return from England, the first was to unite and activate the Muslim League as the sole representative body of the Muslims of India. The second was to continue the struggle for freedom of India on constitutional lines. Undismayed by this bleak situation, Jinnah devoted himself with singleness of purpose to organizing the Muslims on one platform. He embarked upon country-wide tours. He pleaded with provincial Muslim leaders to sink their differences and make common cause with the League. He exhorted the Muslim masses to organize themselves and joined the League He gave coherence and direction to Muslim sentiments on the Government of India Act, 1935. He also formulated a viable League manifesto for the election scheduled for early 1937. He was, it seemed, struggling against time to make Muslim India a power to be reckoned with. Despite all the manifold adds stacked against it, the Muslim League won 108 (about 22 percent) seats out of a total of 492 Muslim seats in the various legislatures. Though not very impressive in itself, the Leagues partial success assumed added significance in view of the fact that the League won the largest number of Muslims and that it was the only All-India party of the Mu slims in the country. Thus, the elections represented the first milestone on the long road to putting Muslim India on the map of the subcontinent. LUCKHNOW SESSION: Jinnah utilized all his energies on revitalizing the League. With the assistance of the Raja of Mahmudabad, a dedicated adherent of the Muslim League, the Lucknow Session was a grand demonstration of the will of the Muslims of India to stand up to the Congress challenge. It was the Lucknow Session that Jinnah persuaded Sir Sikander Hayat Khan to join the Muslim League along with his Muslim colleagues. That development later became famous as the Jinnah-Sikander Pact. This Session marked a dramatic change not only in the Leagues platform and political position, but also in Jinnahs personal commitment and final goal. He changed his attire, shedding the Seville Row suit in which he had arrived for a black Punjabi sherwani long coat. It was for the first time he put on the compact cap, which would soon be known throughout the world as Jinnah Cap. Ti was at that session that the title of Quaid-e-Azam (the great leader) was used for Jinnah and which soon gained such currency and popularity that it almost became a substitute for his name. The great success was achieved the organization front of the Muslim League. Within three months of the Lucknow session over 170 new branches of the League had been formed, 90 of them in the United Provinces, and it claimed to have enlisted 1,00,000 new members in the province alone. DAY OF DELIEVERANCE 22 DECMEBER 1939: The Second World War broke out in 1939 and the British Government was anxious to win the favor and co-operation of the major political parties and leaders in their war effort. The Viceroy made a declaration in October assuring the people of India that after the war, the constitutional problems of India would be re-examined and modifications made in the Act of 1935, according to the opinion of India Parties. The Congress reacted to that drastically, condemned the Viceroys policy statement and called upon the Congress ministries to resign by October 31, 1939. On the resignation of the Congress ministries, the Muslim League appealed to the Muslims and other minorities to observe December 22, 1939 as the Day of Deliverance. DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN (23 RD MARCH 1940): Quaid-e-Azam said in the words; We are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of values and proportion, legal laws and moral code, customs and calendar, history and tradition, aptitudes and ambitions, in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life. By all canons of international law, we are a nation. The formulation of the Muslim demand for Pakistan in 1940 had a tremendous impact on the nature and course of Indian politics. On the one hand, it shattered forever the Hindu dreams of a pseudo-Indian, in fact, Hindu Empire exit from India: on the other, it heralded an era of Islamic renaissance and creativity in which the Indian Muslims were to be active participants. The Hindu reaction was quick, bitter and malicious. Addressing on 23rd march 1940 he said that: The Mussalmans are not minority. They are a nation by any definition. By all canons of international law, we are nation He also said that: India is not a nation, nor a country. It is a sub-continent of nationalities. Hindus and Muslims being the two major nations. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious, philosophies, social customs and literature. It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspiration from different sources of history CRIPPS MISSION 1942: Sir Stafford Cripps was sent by the British Government to India in March 1942, to discuss with Indian leaders, the future Indian Constitution. His proposal was rejected by both the Congress and the League. The Congress characterized them as a post-dated cheque on a failing bank. Jinnah in his presidential address to the Allahabad session of the League, analyzed the Cripps proposals and expressed the disappointment that if these were accepted Muslims could become a minority in their majority provinces as well. DIVIDE AND QUIT 1942: The failure of the Cripps Mission, though unfortunate in many ways, resulted in strengthening of the Muslim League case of Pakistan. The Congress decided to launch its final assault on British imperialism in the movement that came to be known as the Quit India movement. Gandhi called upon the people to take initiative and to do or die in a last struggle for freedom, throwing of the initial pretences of non-violence. He did not consult the Muslim League or any other party and went ahead with his plans in the hope that the momentum of the mass movement would take violent forms and would involve all parties and sections of the people of India. To the Congress slogan of Quit India, the Quaids answer was Divide and Quit which meant Muslims do not only want freedom from British but also from Hindu Raj. JINNAH-GANDHI TALK 1944: The two leaders also differed with regard to the boundaries of Pakistan and how the issue of whether India should be divided at all, was to be determined. Gandhi was adamant on the question of partition and although he appeared to be conceding the possibility of partition he did everything he could to persuade the Quaid to give up his demand of the establishment of two sovereign states. The British had been watching with anxiety the progress of the Jinnah-Gandhi talks and were making plans to meet the situation if the Congress and the League arrived at an agreement. The failure of these talks spurred the Viceroy to make renewed efforts to break the political deadlock in India. Though the Gandhi-Jinnah negotiations failed to achieve the avowed goal of the Hindu-Muslim unity, they brought to Jinnah and the Muslim League two important political gains. Firstly, the leadership of the Congress had now offered to discuss the questions of Pakistan seriously before that, the Congress and Mahatma had kept the door to that subject uncompromisingly shut. Secondly, the Congress could no longer justifiably claim that it stood for all the communities in India including the Muslims. Louis Feisher wrote: The wall between Jinnah and Gandhi was the Two Nation Theory. QUAID E AZAM AND TWO NATION THEORY: Quaid -e-Azam was a firm advocate of two nation theory which becomes the ideological basis Pakistan. He considered the Muslim as a separate nation. He said: Pakistan was created the day the first Indian nation entered the field of Islam He explained the two nation theory as: The Muslims are the nation by every right to establish their separate homeland. They can adopt any means to promote and protect their economic social political and cultural interests SIMLA CONFERENCE 1945: As per the provisions of the Wavell Plan, the Executive Council would be reorganized and Hindus and Muslims would equally represent in the Viceroys Executive Council and the Council would work as Interim Government till the end of war. Lord Wavell called a conference at Simla in June 1945 to give a practical shape to this plan. The Quaid-e-Azam insisted that the right to appoint five Muslim members in the Executive Council should entirely rest with the Muslim League. That was not acceptable to the Congress as the Congress claimed to represent both the Hindus and Muslims. The conference failed to achieve any purpose due to one-sided attitude of Lord Wavell. In this conference, Quaid-e-Azam made it crystal clear that only the Muslim League can represent Muslims of India. ELECTIONS: Elections for the central and provincial assemblies were held in 1945-46. Muslim League managed to win all the 30 seats reserved for the Muslims in central legislative and 427 seats out of 495 Muslim seats in the provincial legislative. Election results were enough to prove that Muslim League, under the leadership of Quaid-e-Azam, was the sole representative of the Muslims of the region. Quaid-e-Azam said on this occasion I have no doubt now in the achievement of Pakistan. The Muslims of India told the world what they want. No power of world can topple the opinion of 10 crore Muslims of India. DELHI CONVENTION 1946: On 19th April 1946, soon after the elections, Jinnah called a convention at Delhi of all the newly elected. League members in the central and the provincial legislatures. In this convention the word States of 1940à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²s Lahore Resolution is transformed into the word State and the legislators signed pledges solemnly declaring their firm conviction that the safety, security, salvation and destiny of the Muslims lay only in the achievement of Pakistan. CABINET MISSION PLAN 1946: The most delicate as well as the most tortuous negotiations began with the arrival, in March 1946, of a three-member British Cabinet Mission. The crucial task with which the Cabinet Mission was entrusted was that of devising in consultation with the various political parties, constitution-making machinery, and of setting up a popular interim government. But, because the Congress-League gulf could not be bridged, despite the Missions prolonged efforts, the Mission had to make its own proposals in May 1946. The Muslim League accepted the plan on June 6, 1946. The Congress accepted the plan on June 25, 1946, though it rejected the interim setup. The Viceroy should now have invited the Muslim League to form Government as it had accepted the interim setup; but he did not do so because he did not want to make Congress angry. So in this situation Cabinet Mission went back to England on June 29 without deciding anything. DIRECT ACTION DAY 16TH AUGUST 1946: The Council of the All-India Muslim League met in Bombay and on July 27, 1946 it finally sealed its rejection of the Cabinet Mission Plan, and decided to launch its famous Direct Action for the achievement of Pakistan, which it could not achieve by peaceful means due to the intransigence of Congress on the one hand and the breach of faith with the Muslim by the British Government on the other. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said Never have we in the whole history of the League done anything except by constitutional methods. But now we are forced into this position. Today we bid good-bye to constitutional methods. Today we have forged a pistol and are in a position to use it. We mean every word of it. We do not believe in equivocation. Direct Action Day was celebrated on 16th August 1946. There was a strike in all over the country that they. Direct Action Day was observed peacefully throughout India, except in Calcutta, where riots broke out. PARTITION DAY 1947: By the close of 1946, the communal riots had flared up to murderous heights, engulfing almost the entire subcontinent. The two people, it seemed, were engaged in a fight to the finish. The time for a peaceful transfer of power was fast running out. Realizing the gravity of the situation, His Majestys Government sent down to India a new Viceroy Lord Mountbatten. His protracted negotiations with the various political leaders resulted in 3 June (1947) Plan by which the British decided to partition the subcontinent, and hand over power to two successor States on 15 August, 1947. The plan was duly accepted by the three Indian Parties to the dispute the Congress, the League and the Akali dal (representing the Sikhs). However Pakistan became constitionally independent at midnight between 14th and 15th August 1947. IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN: The Pakistan Resolution explains the ideology of Pakistan, establishment of homeland in the north-western and eastern zone of India where the Muslims should be free to lead their lives according to the tenets of Islam. This Resolution implied the independence of these two states from India but it did not imply independence of one another, for the subsequent league Resolution of April 1946 spoke of east and west Pakistan as one sovereign state. ALL INDIA MUSLIM LEAGUE: On march 26, 1939, it was announced that the working committee of the All-India Muslim league had set up a committee to examine the various constitutional proposals which had already been made regarding the future constitution of India. This committee was also to consider constitutions of other countries and was then to report its conclusions at an already date to the working committee. Several schemes had been put forward by Muslim leaders: some suggested two or three separate federations while other recommended an all-India federation of the regions comprising Muslim, Hindu, and other areas. CONTITUTIONAL ASSEMBLY: The constitutional assembly started functioning in January 1947. The Muslim league demanded its dissolution on the basis that the British Governments interpretation of the plan was not accepted by the Sikh and the Scheduled Castes and that the session and proceedings of the assembly were invalid. THE FIRST CABINET OF PAKISTAN: The first Cabinet of Pakistan was the creation of the Quaid-e-Azam. Liaqat Ali Khan was named by him as the prime minister, a position to which he was entitled by virtue of his position in the Muslim league party which had an over-whelming majority in the assembly. Since he owed the leadership of the legislature also to the Quaid-e-Azam, Liaqat had no say in the selection of his colleagues, whose name and the portfolios they were to hold, were simultaneously announced along with his own appointment. More than one minister subsequently made public declaration to the effect that he was a nominee of the Quaid-e-Azam. The Cabinet was broadly representative of the provinces as also of the refuges from India and minorities LEADER OF A FREE NATION: In recognition of his singular contribution, Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah was nominated by the Muslim League as the Governor-General of Pakistan, while the Congress appointed Mountbatten as Indias first Governor-General. Pakistan, it has been truly said, was born in virtual chaos. The problems which the Quaid-e-Azam had to face as Governor General of Pakistan were not only due to the happenings in East Punjab, and to provide shelter for the millions of refugees. What immensely increased the difficulties of the new state was the fact that it had yet to organize itself. CONCLUSION: After the tireless and undying efforts and struggles of our great Quaid and others leaders, finally Pakistan emerged on the map of the world as an independently existing nation. We live freely in our nation, as individuals of a distinctive identity and enjoy our social, political and economic interests regardless of the fears and traumas our fore fathers have faced. The peaceful sleep at night which we get now has undoubtedly emerged as a result of the great vision of Iqbal and the remarkable and tremendous leadership and guiding light of none other than the father of our nation; Mr. Muhammad Ali Jinnah; Quaid e Azam.